- Home
- Victoria Margree
Neglected or Misunderstood Page 16
Neglected or Misunderstood Read online
Page 16
62. See Jaggar, p.154; and Jackson, p.114.
63. Ariel Levy, Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005); Natasha Walter, Living Dolls: The Return of Sexism (London: Virago, 2010).
64. See Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge, Vol. 1, trans. Robert Hurley (London: Penguin, 1998).
65. Power, pp.144–8.
66. Power, p.150.
67. Sarah Marsh and Guardian readers, ‘The gender fluid generation,’ The Guardian, 23 March 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/23/genderfluid-generation-young-people-male-female-trans68. Delmar, p.5.
69. Spelman, p.130.
70. Gillian Howie, ‘Sexing the State of Nature: Firestone’s Materialist Manifesto,’ in Further Adventures.
71. Mia Fahlén and Gertrud Åström, ‘Women’s bodies aren’t simply containers,’ The Local, 5 March 2015, http://www.thelocal.se/20130305/46492
72. Victoria Ward, ‘Louise Brown, the first IVF baby, reveals family was bombarded with hate mail,’ The Telegraph, 23 November 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/11760004/Louise-Brown-the-first-IVF-baby-reveals-family-was-bombarded-with-hate-mail.html
73. Penny, p.46.
74. Toby Helm and Rowena Mason, ‘Leadsom told to apologise,’ The Guardian, 9 July 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/09/andrea-leadsom-told-to-apologise
75. Jessica Valenti, Why Have Kids: A New Mom Explores the Truth about Parenting and Happiness (Las Vegas: Amazon Publishing, 2012).
76. Eva Wiseman, ‘We need to talk about egg-freezing,’ The Guardian, 7 February 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/feb/07/life-on-hold-with-frozen-eggs
77. See Franklin, pp.47–8 on IVF and its intensification of women’s reproduction; and also for an introduction to some of the feminist literature on IVF.
78. HFEA website, http://www.hfea.gov.uk/46.html
79. EggBanxx website, https://www.eggbanxx.com/egg-freezing-costs
80. Sarah Marsh and Guardian readers, ‘Are you worried about your fertility? Young people share their stories,’ The Guardian, 20 April 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/20/are-you-worried-about-your-fertility-young-people-share-their-stories
81. Viv Groskop, ‘“Social” egg-freezing is a hideous fertility gamble,’ The Guardian, 9 February 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/09/social-egg-freezing-fertility-infertility-parents-children
82. The term “pre-pregnant” was coined in 2006 by the Washington Post in response to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issuing advice to all women of childbearing age to protect their pre-conception health through behavior and diet, regardless of whether or not they planned to become pregnant. For critical perspectives on this, see Valenti, Why Have Kids, and Georgetown University professor Rebecca Kukla (quoted in Valenti, and in Amy Williams, ‘Warning: you could be pre-pregnant,’ Ms Magazine blog, 26 January 2011, http://msmagazine.com/blog/2011/01/26/warning-you-could-be-pre-pregnant/)
83. ‘Expensive IVF add-ons “not evidence-based,”’ NHS website, 28 November 2016, http://www.nhs.uk/news/2016/11November/Pages/Expensive-IVF-add-ons-not-evidence-based.aspx
84. See for example, comments by fertility specialists Professor Robert Winston: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/may/31/medicineandhealth.health; and Professor Charles Rodeck: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/jul/15/health.medicineandhealth
85. Michael Safi, ‘Baby Gammy’s twin can stay,’ The Guardian, 14 April 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/apr/14/baby-gammys-twin-sister-stays-with-western-australian-couple-court-orders
86. Suzanne Moore, ‘The case of Baby Gammy,’ The Guardian, 4 August 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/04/baby-gammy-thailand-surrogacy-repulsive-trade-pattaramon-chanbua
87. Divya Gupta, ‘Inside India’s surrogacy industry,’ The Guardian, 6 December 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/06/surrogate-mothers-india
88. I am taking the idea of ‘moral climate’ from my colleague, Bob Brecher. Brecher suggests that the institutionalization of surrogacy could constitute a ‘morality-affecting harm’: in other words, although it is conceivable that none of the individuals directly involved in a particular surrogacy agreement is harmed by it, that the agreement nonetheless causes harm by reinforcing wider social acceptance of ‘people’s making use of each other,’ and particularly of women’s treatment in terms of commodity. Bob Brecher, ‘Surrogacy, Liberal Individualism and the Moral Climate,’ in Moral Philosophy and Contemporary Problems, ed. J. D. G. Evans (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p.195.
89. ‘Trump abortion row: Republican front-runner changes stance,’ BBC News website, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35931103
90. ‘Trump abortion row: Republican front-runner changes stance,’ BBC News website, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35931103
91. The choice of which words to use in discussing these situations is difficult, since there is no neutral language. “Embryo,” “fetus,” “baby” and “child,” all incline toward one moral and political view over another. Likewise for “woman” or “mother.” I will use “fetus” in relation to a pregnancy beyond 11 weeks and until 42 weeks, except where the sense of the sentence requires ‘baby’ or ‘child’ since that is what is being claimed.
92. Jessica Glenza, ‘Purvi Patel case,’ The Guardian, 2 April 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/02/purvi-patel-case-alter-reproductive-rights-indiana
93. Jessica Glenza, ‘Purvi Patel case,’ The Guardian, 2 April 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/02/purvi-patel-case-alter-reproductive-rights-indiana
94. Ed Pilkington, ‘Indiana prosecuting Chinese woman,’ The Guardian, 30 May 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/30/indiana-prosecuting-chinese-woman-suicide-foetus
95. Jessica Valenti, ‘It isn’t justice for Purvi Patel,’ The Guardian, 2 April 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/02/it-isnt-justice-for-purvi-patel-to-serve-20-years-in-prison-for-an-abortion
96. Molly Redden, ‘Purvi Patel has 20-year sentence reduced,’ The Guardian, 22 July 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/22/purvi-patel-abortion-sentence-reduced
97. Civil Liberties and Public Policy Hampshire website, https://clpp.hampshire.edu/leadership-programs/rrasc/host-sites/sistersong-women-color-reproductive-justice-collective
98. Our Bodies Ourselves website, http://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/2016/03/increased-numbers-of-black-women-dying-during-pregnancy-and-childbirth/
99. Henry McDonald, ‘Northern Irish women who miscarry,’ The Guardian, 13 April 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/13/northern-ireland-women-miscarry-abortion-questioning-unite
100. CNN website, ‘Nicaragua abortion ban “cruel and inhuman disgrace,”’ http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/07/28/nicaragua.abortion.ban
Select Index
Abortion, 2, 35, 121
opposition to today, 126–134
as a WLM demand, 8, 11, 17–18, 91, 126
Alienated labor, 2, 12, 86–89, 98
Androgyny, 78, 99–100, 107–109
Artificial wombs, 1–3, 5, 41, 94, 126
Beauvoir, Simone de, 5, 21–23, 39, 42–52, 54, 107
Biological determinism, 37–38, 51–52
Childbirth and pregnancy, 32–33, 38–39, 40–55, 108, 123
ordeals of, 41–46, 54–55
elimination of, 1–2, 92–94
role in etiology of women’s
oppression, 25–26, 52–53
romanticization of, 19, 41–42, 55
Childhood, 64–65, 69, 95–99, 102–104
Contraception, 2, 25, 35, 73, 136,
oppressive uses of, 72–73
as technology, 23, 40, 77–78, 126
in Trump era, 127–128, 131
as a WLM demand, 8, 11, 16–17, 91
Cyberna
tion, 2, 73, 85–90, 95
Engels, Friedrich, 5, 27, 29–35
Egg-freezing, 111–119, 124
Feticide laws, 128–132
Freud, Sigmund, 5, 56–64, 70, 100–102, 106
Friedan, Betty, 11–12
IVF, 111–112, 114–115, 117, 124
Liberal feminism, 11–12, 14, 21, 27, 126
Marx, Karl, 5, 23, 27–30, 34, 87
Marcuse, Herbert, 59, 105–106
Marxism, 12–13, 21, 27–36, 78, 86–87, 144 n.29
See also Engels, Friedrich; Marx, Karl
Mental illness, 59, 137–141
Oedipus Complex, 60–64
Piercy, Marge, 1, 3, 97
Racism, 5, 52, 66–70, 133, 145–146 n.47
Radical feminism, 4, 21, 126
celebration of women’s
reproductive role, 49–50
critique of classical Marxism, 29, 32–33, 35
early radical feminist groupings, 10, 139
Firestone’s distinctive form
of, 14–16, 37
key concepts of, 13–14, 24, 56
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 19, 41, 107
Science fiction, 4, 6, 84, 97, 110
Sexuality, 14, 32, 57, 85, 99–109
Socialist feminism, 12–14, 16, 21, 28–32, 37, 81
Somatophobia, 51–52, 54, 108
Surrogacy, 23, 112, 118–124, 150 n.88
Technology, 19, 26, 85, 111, 135
See also Artificial wombs; Cybernation; Egg-freezing; IVF and education, 97–98
Firestone’s definition of, 22–24
liberatory potential of, 71, 73–74, 78, 109
oppressive character in a male-dominated culture, 72, 75–76, 79
Technological determinism, 3, 77
Universal Basic Income, 89–90, 147-148 n.61
Utopianism, 1, 3–4, 6, 82–83, 99, 106, 109, 118
Women’s Liberation Movement, 11–16, 40, 42, 68, 137
See also Liberal feminism; Radical feminism; Socialist feminism
Zero Books
CULTURE, SOCIETY & POLITICS
Contemporary culture has eliminated the concept and public figure of the intellectual. A cretinous anti-intellectualism presides, cheer-led by hacks in the pay of multinational corporations who reassure their bored readers that there is no need to rouse themselves from their stupor. Zer0 Books knows that another kind of discourse – intellectual without being academic, popular without being populist – is not only possible: it is already flourishing. Zer0 is convinced that in the unthinking, blandly consensual culture in which we live, critical and engaged theoretical reflection is more important than ever before.
If you have enjoyed this book, why not tell other readers by posting a review on your preferred book site.
Recent bestsellers from Zero Books are:
In the Dust of This Planet
Horror of Philosophy vol. 1
Eugene Thacker
In the first of a series of three books on the Horror of Philosophy, In the Dust of This Planet offers the genre of horror as a way of thinking about the unthinkable.
Paperback: 978-1-84694-676-9 ebook: 978-1-78099-010-1
Capitalist Realism
Is there no alternative?
Mark Fisher
An analysis of the ways in which capitalism has presented itself as the only realistic political-economic system.
Paperback: 978-1-84694-317-1 ebook: 978-1-78099-734-6
Rebel Rebel
Chris O’Leary
David Bowie: every single song. Everything you want to know, everything you didn’t know.
Paperback: 978-1-78099-244-0 ebook: 978-1-78099-713-1
Cartographies of the Absolute
Alberto Toscano, Jeff Kinkle
An aesthetics of the economy for the twenty-first century.
Paperback: 978-1-78099-275-4 ebook: 978-1-78279-973-3
Malign Velocities
Accelerationism and Capitalism
Benjamin Noys
Long listed for the Bread and Roses Prize 2015, Malign Velocities argues against the need for speed, tracking acceleration as the symptom of the ongoing crises of capitalism.
Paperback: 978-1-78279-300-7 ebook: 978-1-78279-299-4
Meat Market
Female flesh under Capitalism
Laurie Penny
A feminist dissection of women’s bodies as the fleshy fulcrum of capitalist cannibalism, whereby women are both consumers
and consumed.
Paperback: 978-1-84694-521-2 ebook: 978-1-84694-782-7
Poor but Sexy
Culture Clashes in Europe East and West
Agata Pyzik
How the East stayed East and the West stayed West.
Paperback: 978-1-78099-394-2 ebook: 978-1-78099-395-9
Romeo and Juliet in Palestine
Teaching Under Occupation
Tom Sperlinger
Life in the West Bank, the nature of pedagogy and the role of a university under occupation.
Paperback: 978-1-78279-637-4 ebook: 978-1-78279-636-7
Sweetening the Pill
or How we Got Hooked on Hormonal Birth Control
Holly Grigg-Spall
Has contraception liberated or oppressed women? Sweetening the Pill breaks the silence on the dark side of hormonal contraception.
Paperback: 978-1-78099-607-3 ebook: 978-1-78099-608-0
Why Are We The Good Guys?
Reclaiming your Mind from the Delusions of Propaganda
David Cromwell
A provocative challenge to the standard ideology that Western power is a benevolent force in the world.
Paperback: 978-1-78099-365-2 ebook: 978-1-78099-366-9
Readers of ebooks can buy or view any of these bestsellers by clicking on the live link in the title. Most titles are published in paperback and as an ebook. Paperbacks are available in traditional bookshops. Both print and ebook formats are available online.
Find more titles and sign up to our readers’ newsletter at http://www.johnhuntpublishing.com/culture-and-politics
Follow us on Facebook
at https://www.facebook.com/ZeroBooks and Twitter at https://twitter.com/Zer0Books